| The
6000-tonne 80-mw boat sailed out of the Shipbuilding Centre (SBC) at the Naval
Dockyard in Vishakhapatnam in the morning, smoothly exiting the enclosed harbour
from its narrow mouth into the open sea. Significantly, the jet black beauty moved
under its own power as India’s newly-appointed Defence Minister, Manohar Parrikar,
congratulated the Navy and defence scientists and wished good luck to those on
board. As customary, two naval tugboats showered water while leading Arihant
towards the blue waters of the open sea in the Bay of Bengal. There was
no official announcement but a day later, on December 16, Mr Parrikar confirmed
the development as a “milestone” while speaking to newsmen on the sidelines of
a function to mark the Vijay Diwas (Victory Day) commemorating the end of the
1971 Bangladesh Liberation War. Sources told India
Strategic that the Navy and Indian Air Force (IAF) had deployed their
respective Mig 29Ks and SU 30 combat jets around the harbour while Boeing P-8I
maritime surveillance and attack aircraft from the nearby naval base of INS Rajali
at Arakkonam sanitised the area for any hostile underwater activity. The Navy
has six of these eight aircraft ordered already in service. Ships of the Navy's
Eastern Command, which is also located in Vishakhapatnam, were appropriately deployed. Indications
of Arihant’s open sea movement were given by the Navy Chief, Admiral Robin Dhowan,
on December 3 when he said the sea trials would begin “very soon.” More than his
statement, it was his smile that indicated the imminence of the event. As
a standard operating procedure (SOP), a new submarine goes out to sea for some
time to begin trials, then returns to the base, and then goes again, and again,
stepping up its dive to varying depths gradually. It can be assumed that this
procedure would be no different for Arihant. The project coordinator for
the nuclear propelled nuclear attack (SSBN) submarines is Indian Defence Ministry’s
Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) with a lead role played by
the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) scientists. The Navy, which is to operate
the boat, has provided officers and men trained by BARC, and some of those on
board have experience of operating INS Chakra, India’s nuclear propelled (but
not nuclear attack) boat (SSN) supplied by Russia. India plans to have a
fleet of five Arihant class SSBN boats to complete its nuclear triad towards deterrence.
India has a No First Use (NFU) policy but in case of attack, it also declares
massive retaliation for the enemy. Arihant should have been out in the sea
for trials in the earlier half of 2014 but due to the complexity of the systems,
checks were done again and again. In March however, there was a small accident
at the harbour, and although it was unrelated to the submarine, it was considered
prudent to go in for rechecks and more rechecks. As for Arihant, DRDO Chief
Dr Avinash Chander had told India
Strategic in an interview that the missiles and other combat systems
for Arihant have been ready due to their parallel development, and as the trials
mature, they would be fitted on board and tested one by one. India also has a
policy of No Nuclear Tests after its 1998 experiments, and accordingly, as and
when the onboard weapons are fired from underwater, they would have dummy warheads. It
may be recalled that Russia, which has so far lent two nuclear (SSN) boats to
India - there was an earlier INS Chakra in the 1980s also - has helped in building
the miniature nuclear reactor for Arihant. However, the reactor of Arihant is
considered slightly underpowered, and the following boats should have more powerful
reactors going up to 100 mw. Nonetheless, Russia's contirbution has been
acknowledged by the Government several times. The Russians also helped in building
the naval base in Vishakhapatnam, and interestingly, a section of the Officers
Mess at the base is named Kremlin after the historic seat of rulers in Russia. | 
